Abstract Background A relative survival approach is often used in population-based cancer studies, where other cause (or expected) mortality is assumed to be the same as the mortality in the general population, given a specific covariate pattern.The population mortality is assumed to be known (fixed), i.e.measured without uncertainty.This could hav
The rust diseases, including leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), stem rust caused by P.graminis f.sp.tritici (Pgt), and stripe rust caused by P.striiformis f.sp.tritici (Pst), are major limiting factors in wheat production worldwide.Identification of novel sources of rust resistance genes is key to developing cultivars resistant to rapidly
The African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) is an endangered seabird that breeds along the coast of Namibia and South Africa, and disease surveillance was identified as a priority for its conservation.Aiming for the establishment of baseline data on the presence of potential pathogens in this species, a comprehensive health assessment (blood smear ex